Quiz: BIOLOGY 203:A CUMULATIVE REVIEW!

1

If a cell is unable to carry out oxidation reactions, what organelle is most likely to be damaged/inactive?
- lysosome
- vacuole
- peroxisome
- smooth ER
2

Which is the correct sequence of the endomembrane system involved in the manufacturing and shipping of proteins?
- Rough ER --> Golgi Apparatus Cis Face --> Golgi Apparatus Trans Face --> Plasma Membrane
- Rough ER --> Golgi Apparatus Trans Face --> Golgi Apparatus Cis Face --> Plasma Membrane
- Smooth ER --> Golgi Apparatus Cis Face --> Golgi Apparatus Trans Face --> Plasma Membrane
- Nucleus --> Smooth ER --> Rough ER ---> Plasma Membrane
3

What two types of cytoskeletal elements practice "treadmilling," the process by which filaments grow and shink (polymerize and depolymerize)?
- actin and myosin filaments
- actin filaments and intermediate filaments
- intermediate filaments and microtubules
- microtubules and actin filaments
4

Which phase of cellular division would cells be stuck in if motor proteins such as dyneins and kinesins were not present?
- anaphase
- telophase
- metaphase
- prophase
5

If a cell was too weak (malnourished) to continue in the cell cycle, what checkpoint would it fail to pass?
- G1
- G0
- P
- M
6

What is the gelatinous polysaccharide found in the primary cell wall of plants, and what is its main function?
- pepidoglycan; keeps in moisture
- pectin; keeps cell wall moist
- collagen; gives plant cell support
- cadherin; gives plant cell support
7

Any (general) molecule that binds to a specific site on a receptor molecule is a....
- ligand
- hormone
- GTP
- protein
8

Cholera, a disease caused by a bacteria ingested in contaminated water, releases a toxin that enters epithelial cells of the intestine. What harmful damage does the toxin do?
- The bacterial toxin degrades the gated channels
- The bacterial toxin repress the G proteins
- The bacterial toxin irreversibly activates the G proteins
- The bacterial toxin kills the secondary messengers by poisoning
9

In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is ___________ to form CO2 and Oxygen is _________ to form H20.
- reduced; oxidized
- oxidized; reduced
- reduced; reduced
- oxidized; oxidized
10

Reduced Molecules tend to have many ___ bonds with _____ potential energy. Oxidized molecules tend to have ____ bonds with ________potential energy.
- C-H, high; C-O, low
- C-H, low; C-O, high
- C-C low; C-H high
- C-O high high; C-H, low
11

In anaerobic respiration, fermentation allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP by...
- degenerating NADH from NAD+
- phosphorylating ADP
- waiting until oxygen is present
- regenerating NAD+ from NADH
12

Cellular Respiration: Where is the Electron Transport Chain located?
- inner membrane of mitochondrion
- stroma
- extracellular matrix
- mitochondrial matrix
13

ATP synthase works by pumping protons (H+) from the _________ to the ________.
- intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial matrix, intermembrane space
- thylakoid, stroma
- stroma,thylakoid
14

If there is no light present, can photosynthesis still occur?
- No, photosynthesis requires energy in the form of sunlight for the light-dependent reactions
- Yes, the light-independent reactions would occur.
- Yes, autotrophs will get energy from alternate sources
- No, the chloroplasts will disappear.
15

Can photosystem I and photosystem II exist and function individually?
- Yes, although many organisms use both, several groups of bacteria have just one of two.
- No, they always are present together.
- Yes, cynobacteria, algae and plants only have one.
- No, they are attached.
16

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?
- water
- carbon dioxide
- oxygen
- nitrogen
17

Can glycolysis occur in the absence of oxygen?
- Yes
- No
- Only if the temperature is right.
- Yes, but it acts at a lower rate.
18

If eukaryotic cells were not compartmentalized, what would probably result?
- There would be no difference in cell metabolism.
- Reactions would speed up
- The cell would be very inefficient as incompatible chemical reactions would take place within the same space.
- The cell would be very efficient.
19

How would you expect small ions to transport through the nuclear membrane?
- They can easily diffuse through
- Although they are small, they would have to pass through a Nuclear Pore Complex
- They can't move into/out of the nucleus due to the highly selective membrane
- They can attach onto macromolecules that are being transported to the same location.
20

Acting as a channel between animal cells, this structure admits water, ions and small molecules.
- Gap Junctions
- Plasmodesmata
- Cadherins
- Tight Junctions
21

If a hydrophilic solution were to contaminate a pond, what would you expect to see?
- a unified mixture throughout the pond
- a broken up, separated mixture
- a drastic change in color
- a drastic change in temperature
22

A cockroach would contain which carbohydrate in their hard exoskeleton?
- cellulose
- chitin
- turgor microfilaments
- peptidoglycan
23

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
- carboxyl and amine
- amine and ketone
- amine and sulfhydryl
- alcohol and ketone
24

Hydrolysis is involved in which of the following?
- the formation of fructose
- the digestion of maltose to glucose
- peptide bond formation of proteins
- hydrogen bonds between nucleic acids
25

Which of the macromolecules below could be structural parts of the cell, enzymes, or involved in cell movement?
- proteins
- nucleic acids
- carbohydrates
- lipids
26

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to a partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is the name of this attraction?
- hydrogen bond
- polar covalent bond
- ionic bond
- nonpolar bond
27

The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the...
- chloroplasts
- mitochondrion
- ribosome
- vacuole
28

The cytoplasmic channels between plant cells which are most similar to gap junctions between animal cells are called:
- plasmodesmata
- tight junctions
- desmosomes
- chromatin
29

All of the following are typical components of the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell EXCEPT
- glycoproteins
- cholesterol
- phospholipids
- integral proteins
30

All of the following statements about a chloroplast and a mitochondrion are true EXCEPT
- both use proton gradients for energy production
- both sythesize ATP
- both capture light energy
- both contain DNA
31

Which of the following would be very abundant in very active cells such as muscle cells?
- mitochondria
- lysosomes
- lactic acid
- golgi apparatus
32

The major protein component of cilia and flagella is
- chromatin
- dynein
- keratin
- tubulin
33

_______ act as proton donors while ______ act as proton acceptors.
- acids, bases
- bases, acids
- polar molecules, non-polar molecules
- non-polar molecules, polar molecules
34

C34H61O32 is most likely a...
- carbohydrate
- nucleic acid
- lipid
- protein
35

If a molecule of Carbon Dioxide needed to enter the cell, how would it get across the membrane?
- Since it's hydrophobic, it would need a channel protein
- Since it's hydrophilic, it would diffuse through the selective permeable membrane
- Since it's hydrophobic, it would diffuse through the selective permeable membrane
- Since it's small and nonpolar, it would cling onto another molecule headed in the same direction
36

If a healthy cell were placed into a solution of high salt concentration, what would most likely result?
- The surrounding solution is hypertonic, so water would rush out of cell, causing the cell to shrink
- The surrounding solution is hypotonic, so water would rush out of cell, causing the cell to shrink
- The solution is isotonic, so water would rush into the cell, causing the cell to lyse
- The surrounding solution is hypertonic, so water would rush into the cell, causing the cell to burst
37

Which of the following processes requires ATP?
- passive transport
- facilitative diffusion
- osmosis
- active transport
38

What is the main difference between chitin and cellulose?
- chitin has a nitrogen containing functional group
- cellulose has a nitrogen containng functional group
- chitin has an amino acid chain
- only cellulose has hydrogen bonding
39

Enzymes do all of the following EXCEPT:
- lower activation energy for a reaction
- form a temporary association with reactants
- degrade after multiple uses
- fit to substrate in an induced fit model
40

What level of structure would be broken when a protein is exposed to extreme heat?
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
41

Why can "Solar Powered Sea Slugs" carry out photosynthesis?
- Juvenile sea slugs feed on algae, which incorporates chloroplasts into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells by phagocytosis
- They evolved the ability to undergo photosynthesis from living in close proximity with a specific type of plant
- They can't, they are animals
- Due to a mutation millions of years ago, this characteristic is inherited
42

What are the necessities for gene transcription?
- a gene promoter and RNA polymerase
- a gene promoter, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase
- a primer, an exonuclease, RNA polymerase
- a primer and RNA polymerase
43

Sigma proteins are to prokaryotes as ________ are to ________
- regulatory transcription factors; eukaryotes
- TATA box; eukaryotes
- basal transcription factors; eukaryotes
- inhancers; eukaryotes
44

All of the following mutations cause a change in genotype and phenotype EXCEPT
- silent
- nonsense
- missense
- frameshift
45

What color are Elizabeth Taylor's eyes?
- hazel
- purple
- ocean blue
- amber
46

Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) are an example of:
- transcriptional control
- translational control
- post-translational control
- splicing
47

How do restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases differ?
- endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA, ligases are enzymes that join DNA
- endonucleases are enzymes that glue DNA, ligases are enzymes that cut DNA
- endonucleases are enzymes that proofread DNA, ligases are enzymes that join DNA
- endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA, ligases are enzymes that proofread DNA
48

A man with Huntington's Disease demands treatment through gene therapy. What would you tell him?
- Sure, it's just going to be expensive, and it is not guaranteed to work.
- It won't cure you since adding good protein will not take out the bad
- It won't cure you since you are not a juvenile
- It won't cure you since the HD gene is still not localized.
49

If no aminoacyl tRNA synthetases were present, a protein could not form. What was disrupted?
- Without this enzyme, the addition of amino acids to the appropriate tRNA is not catalyzed
- Without this enzyme, the anticodon of the tRNA cannot be read.
- Without this enzyme, the peptide bond would be unable to form.
- Without this enzyme, mRNA can't be read.
50

A cactus lives in the dry, hot desert, but still needs to undergo photosynthesis. Which pathway is best?
- C4
- the light-independent reactions
- CAM
- C3
51

A spliceosome is a very important structure involved in transcript processing. What are spliceosomes composed of?
- snRNPs
- smRNPS
- soRNPS
- sRNPS
52

If a 5' Cap were not added to a strand of mRNA, what would most likely result?
- the whole strand of mRNA would degrade
- translation would not occur properly as the cap serves as a recognition signal for translation machinery
- a polyA tail would not be added
- the strand mRNA would attach to another strand of mRNA
53

Eukaryotic transcription takes place in the _________ and eukaryotic translation takes place in the _______.
- nucleus; cytoplasm
- nucleus; nucleus
- nucleus; smooth ER
- nucleus; plasma membrane
54

What is the primary difference between a promoter and an enhancer?
- an ehancer is always going to be a specific distance upstream
- if you remove a promoter there will be no transcription, but if you remove an enhancer there will just be lower levels of transcription
- if you remove an enhancer there will be no transcription, but if you remove a promoter there will just be lower levels of transcription
- an enhancer is always in a specific orientation
55

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
- the stroma of the chloroplasts
- the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts
- the mitochondrion
- the ER
56

What property of DNA polymerase can be blamed for the lagging strand?
- DNA is synthesized in only the 5' to 3' direction
- DNA is synthesized in only the 3' to 5' direction
- The DNA helix structure
- DNA helicase only moves from 3' to 5'
57

What is believed to be the central dogma of protein synthesis?
- nucleus --> rough ER --> cytoplasm --> membrane
- DNA --> cDNA --> Protein
- DNA --> RNA --> Protein
- RNA --> Protein
58

rRNA catalyzes protein synthesis, making rRNA a...
- ribozyme
- substrate
- enzyme
- ribosome
59

If a sigma protein were absent from a bacterial holoenzyme, what would happen?
- translation would not be able to begin as the protein is required for initiation
- tRNA would be unable to attach to the appropriate amino acids
- the TATA box would not function correctly
- transcription would not be able to begin as the protein is required for initiation
60

Why is cDNA shorter than unmodified mRNA?
- cDNA does not contain introns
- cDNA does not contain exons
- cDNA contains only three triplet codes
- cDNA contains both introns and exons
61

BONUS: On the snow day, what activity did Professor Allison engage in with her son?
- sledding on a sled
- sledding on a cookie sheet
- building a snow fort
- making snow angels
62

How many exams have we had in this class?
- one
- two
- three
- four
63

What is the universal start codon?
- AUG
- Met
- UAC
- CCG
64

What is the repeating triplet sequence that defines Huntington's Disease?
- TAG
- CAG
- AUG
- FML
65

What are the three tRNA binding sites of the ribsome (in sequence)?
- APE
- EPA
- PAE
- FML
66

RNA polymerase II is responsible for....
- sythesizing large RNA molecules found in ribsomes
- transcribing genes coding for proteins
- making small DNA molecules
- making tRNA
67

Which of the following is an example of allosteric regulation?
- glucose inhibiting the activity of adenyly cyclase
- the TBP binding to the TATA box
- lactose binding to Lac repressor
- Huntington's Disease
68

What is the enzyme utilized by C4 plants that has a higher affinity for carbon dioxide than Rubisco?
- PEP Carboxylase
- PEP Carbonalase
- Rubisco

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BIOLOGY 203:A CUMULATIVE REVIEW!

If a cell is unable to carry out oxidation reactions, what organelle is most likely to be damaged/inactive?

Which is the correct sequence of the endomembrane system involved in the manufacturing and shipping of proteins?

What two types of cytoskeletal elements practice "treadmilling," the process by which filaments grow and shink (polymerize and depolymerize)?

Which phase of cellular division would cells be stuck in if motor proteins such as dyneins and kinesins were not present?

If a cell was too weak (malnourished) to continue in the cell cycle, what checkpoint would it fail to pass?

What is the gelatinous polysaccharide found in the primary cell wall of plants, and what is its main function?

Any (general) molecule that binds to a specific site on a receptor molecule is a....

Cholera, a disease caused by a bacteria ingested in contaminated water, releases a toxin that enters epithelial cells of the intestine. What harmful damage does the toxin do?

In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is ___________ to form CO2 and Oxygen is _________ to form H20.

Reduced Molecules tend to have many ___ bonds with _____ potential energy. Oxidized molecules tend to have ____ bonds with ________potential energy.

In anaerobic respiration, fermentation allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP by...

Cellular Respiration: Where is the Electron Transport Chain located?

ATP synthase works by pumping protons (H+) from the _________ to the ________.

If there is no light present, can photosynthesis still occur?

Can photosystem I and photosystem II exist and function individually?

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

Can glycolysis occur in the absence of oxygen?

If eukaryotic cells were not compartmentalized, what would probably result?

How would you expect small ions to transport through the nuclear membrane?

Acting as a channel between animal cells, this structure admits water, ions and small molecules.

If a hydrophilic solution were to contaminate a pond, what would you expect to see?

A cockroach would contain which carbohydrate in their hard exoskeleton?

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Hydrolysis is involved in which of the following?

Which of the macromolecules below could be structural parts of the cell, enzymes, or involved in cell movement?

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to a partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is the name of this attraction?

The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the...

The cytoplasmic channels between plant cells which are most similar to gap junctions between animal cells are called:

All of the following are typical components of the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell EXCEPT

All of the following statements about a chloroplast and a mitochondrion are true EXCEPT

Which of the following would be very abundant in very active cells such as muscle cells?

The major protein component of cilia and flagella is

_______ act as proton donors while ______ act as proton acceptors.

C34H61O32 is most likely a...

If a molecule of Carbon Dioxide needed to enter the cell, how would it get across the membrane?

If a healthy cell were placed into a solution of high salt concentration, what would most likely result?

Which of the following processes requires ATP?

What is the main difference between chitin and cellulose?

Enzymes do all of the following EXCEPT:

What level of structure would be broken when a protein is exposed to extreme heat?

Why can "Solar Powered Sea Slugs" carry out photosynthesis?

What are the necessities for gene transcription?

Sigma proteins are to prokaryotes as ________ are to ________

All of the following mutations cause a change in genotype and phenotype EXCEPT

What color are Elizabeth Taylor's eyes?

Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) are an example of:

How do restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases differ?

A man with Huntington's Disease demands treatment through gene therapy. What would you tell him?

If no aminoacyl tRNA synthetases were present, a protein could not form. What was disrupted?

A cactus lives in the dry, hot desert, but still needs to undergo photosynthesis. Which pathway is best?

A spliceosome is a very important structure involved in transcript processing. What are spliceosomes composed of?

If a 5' Cap were not added to a strand of mRNA, what would most likely result?

Eukaryotic transcription takes place in the _________ and eukaryotic translation takes place in the _______.

What is the primary difference between a promoter and an enhancer?

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

What property of DNA polymerase can be blamed for the lagging strand?

What is believed to be the central dogma of protein synthesis?

rRNA catalyzes protein synthesis, making rRNA a...

If a sigma protein were absent from a bacterial holoenzyme, what would happen?

Why is cDNA shorter than unmodified mRNA?

BONUS: On the snow day, what activity did Professor Allison engage in with her son?

How many exams have we had in this class?

What is the universal start codon?

What is the repeating triplet sequence that defines Huntington's Disease?

What are the three tRNA binding sites of the ribsome (in sequence)?

RNA polymerase II is responsible for....

Which of the following is an example of allosteric regulation?

What is the enzyme utilized by C4 plants that has a higher affinity for carbon dioxide than Rubisco?

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In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is ___ to form CO2 and Oxygen is _ to form H20.

Reduced Molecules tend to have many _ bonds with _ potential energy. Oxidized molecules tend to have bonds with ______potential energy.

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_ act as proton donors while act as proton acceptors.

Sigma proteins are to prokaryotes as are to

Eukaryotic transcription takes place in the ___ and eukaryotic translation takes place in the _.