Quiz: ACC Les Albin Human Anatomy Exam #4, Part One

1

To get from the subclavian artery to the brachial arter, blood must flow through
- the axillary artery
- the deep brachiel artery
- the brachiocephalic artery
- the ulnar artery
- the radial artery
2

The human body has only one ______ but has two of each of the rest of these vessels.
- median cubital vein
- brachiocephalic trunk
- brachiocephalic vein
- common iliac artery
- anterior communicating artery
3

Most blood from the brain flows down the internal jugular veins and then into
- the external jugular veins
- the vertebral veins
- the superior vena cava
- the subclavian veins
- the brachiocephalic veins
4

How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart?
- none
- one
- two
- four
- six
5

The anterior and posterior communicating arteries are found in
- the neck
- the circle of Willis
- the branhes of the celiac trunk
- the forearm
- the azygos-hemiazygos system
6

The major deep veins of the forearm are the ____ on the medial side and the ___ on the later side.
- cephalic; basilic
- basilic; cephalic
- ulnar; radial
- radial; ulnar
- brachial; axillary
7

Which of the following veins does not occur in the upper extremity?
- cephalic vein
- great saphenous vein
- basilic vein
- median antebrachial vein
- ulnar vein
8

All of the following are supplied by branches of the celiac trunk except
- the spleen
- the liver
- the small intestines
- the stomach
- the pancreas
9

The last branch off the aortic arch is
- the brachiocephalic artery
- the coronary artery
- the left common carotid artery
- the left subclavian artery
- the right common carotid artery
10

Near the elbow, the brachial artery branches and gives rise to
- the radial and ulnar arteries
- the deep brachial and radial recurrent arteries
- the radial and radial recurrent arteries
- the radial and anterior interosseous arteries
- the ulnar artery and the ulnar recurrent artery
11

The hepatic portal vein receives blood from all of the following except
- the splenic vein
- the superior mesenteric vein
- the pancreatic vein
- the hepatic veins
- the gastroepiploic veins
12

A weakened vessel that bulges when the heart contracts is called
- an atheroma
- an aneurysm
- a hematoma
- a varicose vein
- an embolism
13

At any given moment, most of the body's blood is in
- the veins
- the arteries
- the heart
- the capillaries
- the lungs
14

What is the principal tissue of the tunica interna
- loose areolar connective tissue
- smoother muscle tissue
- cardiac muscle tissue
- simple squamous epithelium
- stratified squamous epithelium
15

What layer of the vessel wall facilitates vasoconstructions and vasodilation?
- the tunica externa
- the tunica adventitia
- the tunica interna
- the tunica media
- the tunica sclerosa
16

Blood pressure is highest is the
- large veins
- conducting arteries
- resistance arteries
- muscular venules
- capillaries
17

Veins with thin walls, large lumens, and no smooth muscle are
- postcapillary venules
- medium veins
- muscular venules
- sinusoids
- venous sinuses
18

Fenestrated capillaries
- are the most common type of capillary in the body.
- allow for rapid passage of large molecules such as formed elements in the bone marrow.
- are found in most organs.
- are important in organs that engage in absorption or filtration
- have no basal lamina
19

Which of the following is associated with veins but not arteries?
- a tunica media with abundant smooth muscle.
- a continuous endothelium
- a tunica media with abundant elastic fibers
- valves
- fenestrations
20

The middle layer of the blood vessel is called the
- tunica interna
- tunica externa
- tunica adventitia
- tunica media
- tunica intima
21

In _______ capillaries, there are numerous filtration pores through endothelial cells.
- fenestrated
- continuous
- discontinuous
- sinusoid
- venous
22

The partially digested fluid that passes from the stomach into the small intestine is
- bile
- mucus
- saliva
- feces
- chyme
23

Which muscle(s) contract(s) during forced expiration?
- sternocleidomastoid
- pectoralis minor
- diaphragm
- external intercostals
- rectus abdominus
24

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
- The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air rushes into the thoracic cavity.
- The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air pressure in the thorax drops.
- The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows out of the lungs.
- The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air pressure in the thorax increases.
- The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs.
25

Which is not true of nasal conchae?
- They reduce turbulence inside the nasal cavity.
- The help warm the air.
- They moisten the air.
- They help cleanse the air.
- There are superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae.
26

A thin membrane that covers the surface of the lung is called.
- parietal pulmonary membrane
- visceral peritoneum
- parietal pleura
- visceral pleura
- visceral pneumothorax
27

The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves carry signals from the peripheral chemoreceptors to
- the central chemoreceptors
- the aortic and carotid bodies
- the aortic and carotid sinuses
- the pnemotaxic center of the pons
- the medulla oblongata
28

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
- It allows exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air.
- It contributes to maintenance of pH balance.
- It helps to expel abdominal contents during defecation and childbirth.
- It helps to transport gases to tissues.
- It permits vocalizations.
29

The smallest passageways in the lung to have ciliated epithelia are
- terminal broncioles
- respiratory bronchioles
- tertiary bronchi
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli
30

Which of the following is most important in keeping food out of the trachea?
- extrinsic muscles of the larynx
- glottis
- epiglottis
- soft palate
- vocal folds
31

The hilum of the lung is on its
- cupola
- cardiac notch
- mediastinal surface
- costal surface
- base
32

The _____ of the lung lies on the diaphragm
- hilum
- base
- cupola
- costal surface
- mediastinal surface
33

_______ protect(s) the lungs from overinflation.
- Pulmonary compliance
- The stretch receptors in the lungs
- The baroreflex
- Airway resistance
- The apeustic center
34

Pulmonary surfactant is product by
- alveolar macrophages.
- type I alveolar cells.
- type II alveolar cells.
- goblet cells.
- S cells.
35

The largest of the following is
- the thyroid cartilage.
- the corniculate cartilage.
- the arytenoid cartilage.
- the epiglottic cartilage.
- the cricoid cartilage.
36

The lower respiratory tract begins at
- the trachea
- the choanae
- the primary bronchi
- the bronchioles
- the glottis
37

The air passages beneath the conchae that create turbulence within the nasal cavity are
- choanae
- meatuses
- nares
- conchae
- fossae
38

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which air flows through the respiratory tract?
- larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchioles; bronchi
- pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles
- larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles
- larynx; pharynx; bronchi; trachea; bronchioles
- pharynx; trachea; larynx; bronchi; bronchioles
39

The formed elements most directly responsible for humoral immunity are
- killer T cells.
- helper T cells.
- B lymphocytes
- mast cells
- neutrophils
40

Which of the following statements about larger lymphatics is correct?
- They have thicker walls than veins.
- The have valves.
- The tunica media has smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
- The tunica externa is relatively thin.
- The endothelium of the tunica interna is similar to that of veins.
41

Where are the germinal centers located?
- thymus
- spleen
- lymphatics
- lymph nodes
- tonsils
42

What are Peyer patches, and where are they located?
- mucous glands of the duoenal submucosa
- fatty, clublike appendages on the serosa of the colon
- lymphatic follicles of the ileum
- peptic lcers that may occur in the stomach or duodenum
- lymphatic tissues of the oropharynx
43

Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?
- lipids
- amino acids
- glucose
- minerals
- water-soluble vitamins
44

The starch-digesting enzymes of the saliva and pancreatic juice are called _______.
- amylases
- peptidases
- lipases
- lysosymes
- upsadaisies
45

Bile gets is yellow-green color mainley from
- cholesterol
- bile salts
- phospholipids
- bilirubin
- urobilinogen
46

The release of bile into the duodenum is controlled by
- the hepatopancreatic sphincter
- the gastroesophageal sphincter
- the pyloric sphincter
- the biliary valve
- the ileocecal valve
47

Bacteria-destroying macrophages are found in sinusoids of
- the liver
- the pancreas
- the intestinal crypts
- the gastric glands
- the appendix
48

The swallowing center is located in
- the mouth
- the esophagus
- the brainstem
- the oropharynx
- the enteric nervous system
49

Blood has all of the following functions except
- nutrient transport
- heat transfer
- clotting
- hormone production
- pH buffering.
50

Blood serum is essentially the same as blood plasma, except that plasma contains _____ and serum does not.
- platelets
- nitrogenous wastes
- fibrinogen
- glucose
- albumin
51

Leukopoiesis is
- a procedure for separating blood cells from plasma.
- a hormone that stimulates blood cell formation.
- the production of white blood cells.
- the process in which white blood cells attach foreign cells.
- a process that stops blood loss when a vessel is broken.
52

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and serve to
- defend the body against pathogens.
- initiate blood clotting.
- regulate erythropoiesis
- transport nutrients
- transport carbon dioxide
53

The ____ is especially involved in breaking up old erythrocytes and disposing of the cellular remains.
- spleen
- bone marrow
- lung
- heart
- kidney
54

The least abundant leukocytes in normal circulating blood are
- lymphocytes
- eosinophils
- basophils
- neutrophils
- monocytes
55

A deficienty of circulating leukocytes is called
- leukocytosis
- leukemia
- polycythemia
- leukopenia
- oligoleukosis
56

Which of the following is a normal hematrocrit value?
- 12.5 mg/dL
- 42%
- 78%
- 5.0 X 10^6^ RBCs/L
- 33mg
57

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?
- erythrocytes
- platelets
- antibodies
- eosinophils
- lymphocytes
58

______ are formed elements of the blood that are not and never were true cells.
- platelets
- antibodies
- erythrocytes
- neutrophils
- monocytes
59

Antibodies belong to a class of plasma proteins called
- albumin
- fibrinogens
- B globulins
- y globulins
- hormones
60

Which of the followng is not a component of hemostasis?
- platelet plug formation
- vasoconstriction
- secretion of histamine
- conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
- secretion of platelet-derived growth factor
61

Tissue macrophages develop from
- monocytes
- polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- lymphocytes
- neutrophils
- basophils
62

Which of the following cells is far larger than all the others?
- macrophage
- monocyte
- natural killer cell
- erythrocyte
- megakaryocyte
63

Mechanisms for stopping bleeding are called
- erythropoiesis
- thrombocytosis
- vasoconstriction
- hemostasis
- homeostasis
64

How many molecules of oxygen can each molecule of hemoglobin carry?
- 1
- 2
- 4
- approximately 100
- approximately 280 million
65

Which of the following is a characteristic of mature red blood cells?
- They are able to undergo mitosis.
- The lack a nucleus.
- They have numerous mitochondria
- They carry most of the carbon dioxide that is transported in the blood.
- They play an important role in immune defense.
66

What is the most abundant type of white blood cells.
- neutrophil
- monocyte
- lymphocyte
- basophil
- eosinophil
67

The coronary arteries arise from
- the proximal end of the aorta
- the interventricular arteries
- the myocardium
- the coronary sulcus
- the venae cavae
68

If the chordae tendinae of an animal's heart were cut, the most likely effect would be
- valvular stenosis
- valvular prolapse
- fibrillation
- heart block
- myocardial infarction
69

Blood leaves the right ventricle through
- the pulmonary semilunar valve
- the pulmonary tricuspid valve
- the tricuspid valve
- the bicuspid valve
- the aortic semilunar valve
70

The innermost lining of the heart wall is
- the parietal pericardium
- the visceral pericardium
- the epidcardium
- the endocardium
- the myocardium
71

An anatomical arrangement that reduces the risk for myocardial infarctions is
- arterial anastomoses in the coronary circulation
- the desmosomes of the intercalated discs.
- a double circulation
- gap junctions in the myocardium
- circumflex arteries
72

Which of the following vessels are in the coronary sulcus?
- the anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
- the superior and inferior venae cavae
- the great and middle cardiac veins
- the right and left semilunar arteries
- the marginal artery and circumflex artery
73

What is the outer, fibrous covering of the heart that is made up of dense irregular connective tissue?
- myocardium
- endocardium
- epicardium
- parietal pericardium
- visceral pericardium
74

Which of the following carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs from the heart?
- the great cardiac vein
- the superior vena cava
- the pulmonary arteries
- the pulmonary veins
- the coronary sinus
75

A myocardial infarction
- is the sudden death of cardiac tissue
- is due to a bundle branch block
- results from an enlarged left ventricle
- is related to a mitral valve prolapse
- All of the choices are correct.
76

What structures pull on the chordae tendinae and hold them taut during ventricular contraction:
- pectinate muscles
- trabeculae carnae
- fibers in the bundle of His
- coronary ropes
- papillary muscles
77

A drop pf blood returning from the big toe would enter the heart through what vessel?
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
- pulmonary veins
- azygous vein
78

Valves are found in the
- arteries
- lymphatic vessels
- veins
- more than one of the above are correct
- all of the above are correct.
79

The blood vessel layer found in the capillaries is the
- tunica externa
- tunica media
- tunica intermedius
- tunica intima
80

When your blood pressure is taken at the doctor's office, the diastolic reading measures
- pressure in the atria while they are contracting
- pressure in a major artery while the atria are contracting
- pressure in the ventricles while they are relaxed.
- pressure in a major artery while the ventricles are relaxed.
81

Which of the following white blood cell types are NOT phagocytes?
- neutrophils
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
- eosinophils
- All of the cells listed are phagocytes
82

If you have Type A blood, then
- you have A protein on your blood cells, and B antibodies in your plasma
- you could donate blood to a person with Type O blood in an emergency
- it is impossible for your child to have Type B blood
- All of the answers are correct
- None of the answers is correct.
83

The thoracic duct
- drains lymph from the abdomen.
- empties lymph into the junctions of the jugular and subclavian veins.
- drains lymph from a larger area of the body than the right lymphatic duct.
- All of the answers above are correct.
- All of the answers are correct except one.
84

Which of the following organs filter lymph and allow it to be monitored by the immune cells that reside there?
- kidneys
- liver
- lymph nodes
- All of these answers are correct.
85

Lymph enters the blood stream at the
- right atrium
- left atrium
- lymphatic capillaries
- junction of the jugular and subclavian veins
- aorta
86

Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on:
- pumping action of the heart.
- contraction of the vessels themselves.
- skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement.
- None of these is correct.
- All of these are correct.
87

Lymph leaves a lymph node via:
- afferent lymphatic vessels
- efferent lymphatic vessels
- the cortical sinus
- the subscapular sinus
88

Most of the gas exchange occurs between air and blood occurs in the
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli
89

Expiration of exhalation during quiet breathing occurs because of
- contraction of external intercostal muscles
- contraction of the diaphragm
- contraction of the abdominal muscles
- all of the above are correct
- none of the above are correct.
90

Which of the following statements is true?
- The esophagus is reinforced with cartilage rings, while the trachea is not.
- Cilia sweep mucus upward in the nasopharynx and downward in the trachea.
- In human lungs, there are three secondary bronchi on the right and two on the left.
- Both air and food move through the pharynx and the larynx.
91

The serous membrane that surrounds each lung is called the
- pericardium
- pleura
- peritoneum
- perineum
92

Air moving into the lungs goes from the trachea into the
- larynx
- primary bronchus
- trachea
- secondary bronchus
- alveolus
93

Air moving into the lungs goes from the trachea into the
- larynx
- primary bronchus
- trachea
- secondary bronchus
- alveolus
94

The glottis
- is the opening between the mouth and the oropharynx
- keeps foreign material out of the larynx
- opens during swallowing
- opens during breathing
95

Most oxygen is carried in the blood by being
- dissolved in plasma
- bound to hemoglobin
- converted to bicarbonate
- converted to carbon dioxide
96

The volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled with each normal resting breath is the
- tidal volume
- vital capacity
- minute respiratory volume
- residual volume
97

The respiratory control centers are located in the
- temporal cortex
- hypothalamus
- cerebellum
- pons and medulla oblongata
98

In which of these areas is the level of carbon dioxide the highest?
- tissues
- systemic arterial blood
- alveolar air
- atmosphere
99

Most of the carbon dioxide being transported from the tissues to the lungs is in the blood in the form of
- carbaminohemoglobin
- bicarbonate
- oxygen
- hydrogen ions
100

The most important chemical stimulus for breathing is
- high oxygen levels in the blood
- low oxygen levels in the blood
- high carbon dioxide levels in the blood
- high blood pH
101

The heart is found within the
- pericardium
- mediastinum
- thorax
- All of the answers are correct.
102

The serous membrane of the heart is called the
- mediastinum
- myocardium
- pericardium
- endocardium
103

The protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen is called
- histamine
- hemoglobin
- hematoxylin
- hematocrit
104

In a healthy individual, the most numerous leukocytes are the
- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- eosinophils
- basophils
105

Leon's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
- Antigens A and B are present in the red cells
- There are no antibodies to A, B, or Rh antigens in the plasma
- His blood is Rh positive
- All of these are correct
106

The inner lining of the heart is the
- endocardium
- visceral pericardium
- parietal pericardium
- endometrium
107

Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of
- the coronary sinus
- the fossa ovalis
- coronary arteries
- coronary veins

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ACC Les Albin Human Anatomy Exam #4, Part One

To get from the subclavian artery to the brachial arter, blood must flow through

The human body has only one ______ but has two of each of the rest of these vessels.

Most blood from the brain flows down the internal jugular veins and then into

How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart?

The anterior and posterior communicating arteries are found in

The major deep veins of the forearm are the ____ on the medial side and the ___ on the later side.

Which of the following veins does not occur in the upper extremity?

All of the following are supplied by branches of the celiac trunk except

The last branch off the aortic arch is

Near the elbow, the brachial artery branches and gives rise to

The hepatic portal vein receives blood from all of the following except

A weakened vessel that bulges when the heart contracts is called

At any given moment, most of the body's blood is in

What is the principal tissue of the tunica interna

What layer of the vessel wall facilitates vasoconstructions and vasodilation?

Blood pressure is highest is the

Veins with thin walls, large lumens, and no smooth muscle are

Fenestrated capillaries

Which of the following is associated with veins but not arteries?

The middle layer of the blood vessel is called the

In _______ capillaries, there are numerous filtration pores through endothelial cells.

The partially digested fluid that passes from the stomach into the small intestine is

Which muscle(s) contract(s) during forced expiration?

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

Which is not true of nasal conchae?

A thin membrane that covers the surface of the lung is called.

The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves carry signals from the peripheral chemoreceptors to

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

The smallest passageways in the lung to have ciliated epithelia are

Which of the following is most important in keeping food out of the trachea?

The hilum of the lung is on its

The _____ of the lung lies on the diaphragm

_______ protect(s) the lungs from overinflation.

Pulmonary surfactant is product by

The largest of the following is

The lower respiratory tract begins at

The air passages beneath the conchae that create turbulence within the nasal cavity are

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which air flows through the respiratory tract?

The formed elements most directly responsible for humoral immunity are

Which of the following statements about larger lymphatics is correct?

Where are the germinal centers located?

What are Peyer patches, and where are they located?

Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?

The starch-digesting enzymes of the saliva and pancreatic juice are called _______.

Bile gets is yellow-green color mainley from

The release of bile into the duodenum is controlled by

Bacteria-destroying macrophages are found in sinusoids of

The swallowing center is located in

Blood has all of the following functions except

Blood serum is essentially the same as blood plasma, except that plasma contains _____ and serum does not.

Leukopoiesis is

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and serve to

The ____ is especially involved in breaking up old erythrocytes and disposing of the cellular remains.

The least abundant leukocytes in normal circulating blood are

A deficienty of circulating leukocytes is called

Which of the following is a normal hematrocrit value?

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

______ are formed elements of the blood that are not and never were true cells.

Antibodies belong to a class of plasma proteins called

Which of the followng is not a component of hemostasis?

Tissue macrophages develop from

Which of the following cells is far larger than all the others?

Mechanisms for stopping bleeding are called

How many molecules of oxygen can each molecule of hemoglobin carry?

Which of the following is a characteristic of mature red blood cells?

What is the most abundant type of white blood cells.

The coronary arteries arise from

If the chordae tendinae of an animal's heart were cut, the most likely effect would be

Blood leaves the right ventricle through

The innermost lining of the heart wall is

An anatomical arrangement that reduces the risk for myocardial infarctions is

Which of the following vessels are in the coronary sulcus?

What is the outer, fibrous covering of the heart that is made up of dense irregular connective tissue?

Which of the following carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs from the heart?

A myocardial infarction

The major deep veins of the forearm are the __ on the medial side and the _ on the later side.